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CVE-2025-65855

The OTA firmware update mechanism in Netun Solutions HelpFlash IoT (firmware v18_178_221102_ASCII_PRO_1R5_50) uses hard-coded WiFi credentials identical across all devices and does not authenticate update servers or validate firmware signatures. An attacker with brief physical access can activate OTA mode (8-second button press), create a malicious WiFi AP using the known credentials, and serve malicious firmware via unauthenticated HTTP to achieve arbitrary code execution on this safety-critica
Lifecycle PUBLISHED1 preserved revisionFact urn:baitaphish:canonical-cve-fact-revision:v2:42c2692b2ce88186b894a08b97f4c918c1088025992296b6600da67ccbf3f16f
Known exploited
Not asserted
Disputed
No
Stale source
No
Conflicts
1

Preserved source conflicts

No provider value was silently selected as the winner.

cwe · 4 assertions

{"cweId":"CWE-319","description":"CWE-319 Cleartext Transmission of Sensitive Information","lang":"en","type":"CWE"}

  • cve_program_cvelist_v5cwe
    urn:baitaphish:normalized-source-record:v2:5c8034714991aa8c0bb11cac1fb06e70e2caffd476ecde2a047c2f0e021046f4 · sha256:23f49f7acadd0b72… · /containers/adp/0/problemTypes/2/descriptions/0

{"description":"n/a","lang":"en","type":"text"}

  • cve_program_cvelist_v5cwe
    urn:baitaphish:normalized-source-record:v2:5c8034714991aa8c0bb11cac1fb06e70e2caffd476ecde2a047c2f0e021046f4 · sha256:23f49f7acadd0b72… · /containers/cna/problemTypes/0/descriptions/0

{"cweId":"CWE-494","description":"CWE-494 Download of Code Without Integrity Check","lang":"en","type":"CWE"}

  • cve_program_cvelist_v5cwe
    urn:baitaphish:normalized-source-record:v2:5c8034714991aa8c0bb11cac1fb06e70e2caffd476ecde2a047c2f0e021046f4 · sha256:23f49f7acadd0b72… · /containers/adp/0/problemTypes/1/descriptions/0

{"cweId":"CWE-798","description":"CWE-798 Use of Hard-coded Credentials","lang":"en","type":"CWE"}

  • cve_program_cvelist_v5cwe
    urn:baitaphish:normalized-source-record:v2:5c8034714991aa8c0bb11cac1fb06e70e2caffd476ecde2a047c2f0e021046f4 · sha256:23f49f7acadd0b72… · /containers/adp/0/problemTypes/0/descriptions/0

Affected products and versions

1 source assertion
{"product":"n/a","vendor":"n/a","versions":[{"status":"affected","version":"n/a"}]}
  • cve_program_cvelist_v5affected
    urn:baitaphish:normalized-source-record:v2:5c8034714991aa8c0bb11cac1fb06e70e2caffd476ecde2a047c2f0e021046f4 · sha256:23f49f7acadd0b72… · /containers/cna/affected/0

Provider-owned CVSS observations

1 source assertion
{"metric":{"attackComplexity":"LOW","attackVector":"PHYSICAL","availabilityImpact":"HIGH","baseScore":6.6,"baseSeverity":"MEDIUM","confidentialityImpact":"HIGH","integrityImpact":"HIGH","privilegesRequired":"NONE","scope":"UNCHANGED","userInteraction":"REQUIRED","vectorString":"CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","version":"3.1"},"metric_type":"cvssV3_1"}
  • cve_program_cvelist_v5cvss
    urn:baitaphish:normalized-source-record:v2:5c8034714991aa8c0bb11cac1fb06e70e2caffd476ecde2a047c2f0e021046f4 · sha256:23f49f7acadd0b72… · /containers/adp/0/metrics/0/cvssV3_1

CWE assertions

4 source assertions
{"cweId":"CWE-319","description":"CWE-319 Cleartext Transmission of Sensitive Information","lang":"en","type":"CWE"}
  • cve_program_cvelist_v5cwe
    urn:baitaphish:normalized-source-record:v2:5c8034714991aa8c0bb11cac1fb06e70e2caffd476ecde2a047c2f0e021046f4 · sha256:23f49f7acadd0b72… · /containers/adp/0/problemTypes/2/descriptions/0
{"description":"n/a","lang":"en","type":"text"}
  • cve_program_cvelist_v5cwe
    urn:baitaphish:normalized-source-record:v2:5c8034714991aa8c0bb11cac1fb06e70e2caffd476ecde2a047c2f0e021046f4 · sha256:23f49f7acadd0b72… · /containers/cna/problemTypes/0/descriptions/0
{"cweId":"CWE-494","description":"CWE-494 Download of Code Without Integrity Check","lang":"en","type":"CWE"}
  • cve_program_cvelist_v5cwe
    urn:baitaphish:normalized-source-record:v2:5c8034714991aa8c0bb11cac1fb06e70e2caffd476ecde2a047c2f0e021046f4 · sha256:23f49f7acadd0b72… · /containers/adp/0/problemTypes/1/descriptions/0
{"cweId":"CWE-798","description":"CWE-798 Use of Hard-coded Credentials","lang":"en","type":"CWE"}
  • cve_program_cvelist_v5cwe
    urn:baitaphish:normalized-source-record:v2:5c8034714991aa8c0bb11cac1fb06e70e2caffd476ecde2a047c2f0e021046f4 · sha256:23f49f7acadd0b72… · /containers/adp/0/problemTypes/0/descriptions/0

Source references

2 source assertions
{"url":"https://docs.espressif.com/projects/esp-idf/en/v4.3.2/"}
  • cve_program_cvelist_v5reference
    urn:baitaphish:normalized-source-record:v2:5c8034714991aa8c0bb11cac1fb06e70e2caffd476ecde2a047c2f0e021046f4 · sha256:23f49f7acadd0b72… · /containers/cna/references/0
{"url":"https://luismirandaacebedo.github.io/CVE-2025-65855/"}
  • cve_program_cvelist_v5reference
    urn:baitaphish:normalized-source-record:v2:5c8034714991aa8c0bb11cac1fb06e70e2caffd476ecde2a047c2f0e021046f4 · sha256:23f49f7acadd0b72… · /containers/cna/references/1

Attribution and limitations

  • CVE Program CVEList V5: Reproduce the MITRE copyright designation and CVE license in copies. Source →

Provider severity values are preserved separately. Baitaphish does not convert them into a risk rating, infer affected products, or treat EPSS as observed exploitation.

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