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CVE-2025-71408

NLTK (Natural Language Toolkit) before version 3.9.3 contains an eval injection vulnerability in the nltk.collocations module that allows an attacker who controls command-line arguments to execute arbitrary Python code. When collocations.py is invoked directly, the __main__ block passes command-line arguments directly to eval() as suffixes of BigramAssocMeasures without allowlist validation or sanitization, enabling an attacker to supply a Python expression that escapes the intended attribute lo
Lifecycle PUBLISHED1 preserved revisionFact urn:baitaphish:canonical-cve-fact-revision:v2:a2bb386cec7d3dfb08dd72fa3b9ae3e2b91f460778480092d5e0b4f780c030e6
Known exploited
Not asserted
Disputed
No
Stale source
No
Conflicts
1

Preserved source conflicts

No provider value was silently selected as the winner.

cvss · 2 assertions

{"metric":{"attackComplexity":"LOW","attackVector":"LOCAL","availabilityImpact":"HIGH","baseScore":7.8,"baseSeverity":"HIGH","confidentialityImpact":"HIGH","integrityImpact":"HIGH","privilegesRequired":"LOW","scope":"UNCHANGED","userInteraction":"NONE","vectorString":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","version":"3.1"},"metric_type":"cvssV3_1"}

  • cve_program_cvelist_v5cvss
    urn:baitaphish:normalized-source-record:v2:f580b902c3992bb433301a20922ce5e99fb3b5ccaee071bf032c1b1b7f4217df · sha256:f63ff130b860a2c2… · /containers/cna/metrics/1/cvssV3_1

{"metric":{"Automatable":"NOT_DEFINED","Recovery":"NOT_DEFINED","Safety":"NOT_DEFINED","attackComplexity":"LOW","attackRequirements":"NONE","attackVector":"LOCAL","baseScore":8.5,"baseSeverity":"HIGH","exploitMaturity":"NOT_DEFINED","privilegesRequired":"LOW","providerUrgency":"NOT_DEFINED","subAvailabilityImpact":"NONE","subConfidentialityImpact":"NONE","subIntegrityImpact":"NONE","userInteraction":"NONE","valueDensity":"NOT_DEFINED","vectorString":"CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","version":"4.0","vulnAvailabilityImpact":"HIGH","vulnConfidentialityImpact":"HIG…

  • cve_program_cvelist_v5cvss
    urn:baitaphish:normalized-source-record:v2:f580b902c3992bb433301a20922ce5e99fb3b5ccaee071bf032c1b1b7f4217df · sha256:f63ff130b860a2c2… · /containers/cna/metrics/0/cvssV4_0

Affected products and versions

1 source assertion
{"defaultStatus":"affected","packageURL":"pkg:github/nltk/nltk","product":"ntlk","repo":"https://github.com/nltk/nltk","vendor":"ntlk","versions":[{"lessThan":"3.9.3","status":"affected","version":"0","versionType":"semver"}]}
  • cve_program_cvelist_v5affected
    urn:baitaphish:normalized-source-record:v2:f580b902c3992bb433301a20922ce5e99fb3b5ccaee071bf032c1b1b7f4217df · sha256:f63ff130b860a2c2… · /containers/cna/affected/0

Provider-owned CVSS observations

2 source assertions
{"metric":{"attackComplexity":"LOW","attackVector":"LOCAL","availabilityImpact":"HIGH","baseScore":7.8,"baseSeverity":"HIGH","confidentialityImpact":"HIGH","integrityImpact":"HIGH","privilegesRequired":"LOW","scope":"UNCHANGED","userInteraction":"NONE","vectorString":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","version":"3.1"},"metric_type":"cvssV3_1"}
  • cve_program_cvelist_v5cvss
    urn:baitaphish:normalized-source-record:v2:f580b902c3992bb433301a20922ce5e99fb3b5ccaee071bf032c1b1b7f4217df · sha256:f63ff130b860a2c2… · /containers/cna/metrics/1/cvssV3_1
{"metric":{"Automatable":"NOT_DEFINED","Recovery":"NOT_DEFINED","Safety":"NOT_DEFINED","attackComplexity":"LOW","attackRequirements":"NONE","attackVector":"LOCAL","baseScore":8.5,"baseSeverity":"HIGH","exploitMaturity":"NOT_DEFINED","privilegesRequired":"LOW","providerUrgency":"NOT_DEFINED","subAvailabilityImpact":"NONE","subConfidentialityImpact":"NONE","subIntegrityImpact":"NONE","userInteraction":"NONE","valueDensity":"NOT_DEFINED","vectorString":"CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","version":"4.0","vulnAvailabilityImpact":"HIGH","vulnConfidentialityImpact":"HIG…
  • cve_program_cvelist_v5cvss
    urn:baitaphish:normalized-source-record:v2:f580b902c3992bb433301a20922ce5e99fb3b5ccaee071bf032c1b1b7f4217df · sha256:f63ff130b860a2c2… · /containers/cna/metrics/0/cvssV4_0

CWE assertions

1 source assertion
{"cweId":"CWE-95","description":"Improper Neutralization of Directives in Dynamically Evaluated Code ('Eval Injection')","lang":"en","type":"CWE"}
  • cve_program_cvelist_v5cwe
    urn:baitaphish:normalized-source-record:v2:f580b902c3992bb433301a20922ce5e99fb3b5ccaee071bf032c1b1b7f4217df · sha256:f63ff130b860a2c2… · /containers/cna/problemTypes/0/descriptions/0

Source references

5 source assertions
{"name":"Researcher Disclosure","tags":["technical-description","exploit"],"url":"https://aydinnyunus.github.io/2026/06/07/command-injection-nltk-collocations-eval/"}
  • cve_program_cvelist_v5reference
    urn:baitaphish:normalized-source-record:v2:f580b902c3992bb433301a20922ce5e99fb3b5ccaee071bf032c1b1b7f4217df · sha256:f63ff130b860a2c2… · /containers/cna/references/0
{"name":"Patch Commit","tags":["patch"],"url":"https://github.com/nltk/nltk/commit/66f14096d952ec8f04934f515e027534bd4eb0ac"}
  • cve_program_cvelist_v5reference
    urn:baitaphish:normalized-source-record:v2:f580b902c3992bb433301a20922ce5e99fb3b5ccaee071bf032c1b1b7f4217df · sha256:f63ff130b860a2c2… · /containers/cna/references/3
{"name":"Pull Request","tags":["issue-tracking","patch"],"url":"https://github.com/nltk/nltk/pull/3465"}
  • cve_program_cvelist_v5reference
    urn:baitaphish:normalized-source-record:v2:f580b902c3992bb433301a20922ce5e99fb3b5ccaee071bf032c1b1b7f4217df · sha256:f63ff130b860a2c2… · /containers/cna/references/2
{"name":"NLTK 3.9.3 Release Notes","tags":["release-notes","patch"],"url":"https://github.com/nltk/nltk/releases/tag/3.9.3"}
  • cve_program_cvelist_v5reference
    urn:baitaphish:normalized-source-record:v2:f580b902c3992bb433301a20922ce5e99fb3b5ccaee071bf032c1b1b7f4217df · sha256:f63ff130b860a2c2… · /containers/cna/references/1
{"tags":["third-party-advisory"],"url":"https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/nltk-eval-injection-via-collocations-py-command-line-arguments"}
  • cve_program_cvelist_v5reference
    urn:baitaphish:normalized-source-record:v2:f580b902c3992bb433301a20922ce5e99fb3b5ccaee071bf032c1b1b7f4217df · sha256:f63ff130b860a2c2… · /containers/cna/references/4

Attribution and limitations

  • CVE Program CVEList V5: Reproduce the MITRE copyright designation and CVE license in copies. Source →

Provider severity values are preserved separately. Baitaphish does not convert them into a risk rating, infer affected products, or treat EPSS as observed exploitation.

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