EducaSim: Interactive Simulacra for CS1 Instructional Practice

Paper defines "Highly Autonomous Cyber-Capable Agents" (HACCAs): AI systems able to execute multi-stage cyber campaigns across the full attack lifecycle with little or no human direction. It identifies five core operational tactics (including autonomous infrastructure setup, credential harvesting, detection evasion, and adaptive shutdown avoidance), analyzes strategic effects (lowering barriers to advanced operations, enabling proliferation to criminal and less-resourced state actors, and intensifying interstate cyber competition), and flags two severe tail-risks — inadvertent cyber-nuclear-es