Negative Sampling Techniques in Information Retrieval: A Survey

This collection of recent IR/LLM papers highlights several security- and safety-relevant developments: increased use of retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) and dynamic API/tool invocation (DynaRAG) which expand the attack surface (data exfiltration, malicious tool calls, supply-chain and third-party API risks); deterministic evidence-gating and sufficiency classifiers that improve auditability and reduce hallucinations; LLM-driven synthetic negative sampling and dataset synthesis that raise risks of data contamination and privacy leakage; healthcare-specific models (HypeMed) that, if misappli