Apply secure design, models, system controls, platform capabilities, vulnerability analysis, cryptography, physical security, and lifecycle engineering.
Research, implement, and manage least privilege, defense in depth, fail secure, separation, simplicity, trust-boundary, and resilience principles.
Understand formal confidentiality, integrity, information-flow, access, and trusted-computing models and their practical limits.
Select controls based on system requirements, threat, risk, assurance, lifecycle, environment, and business constraints.
Understand memory protection, hardware roots of trust, virtualization, isolation, encryption, and platform-security capabilities.
Assess client, server, database, cryptographic, ICS, cloud, distributed, IoT, embedded, mobile, and container design weaknesses.
Select algorithms, protocols, key management, certificates, PKI, cryptographic lifecycle, integrity, confidentiality, and nonrepudiation mechanisms.
Recognize implementation, key, protocol, side-channel, downgrade, collision, brute-force, and misuse attacks against cryptographic systems.
Apply secure facility location, construction, shared-fate, environmental, utility, surveillance, and layered-perimeter principles.
Design and assess deterrent, preventive, detective, corrective, recovery, safety, visitor, access, and environmental controls.
Integrate security requirements, architecture, acquisition, development, operation, maintenance, change, and disposal across the lifecycle.
Apply least privilege, separation of duties, defense in depth, fail secure, complete mediation, economy of mechanism, open design, least common mechanism, isolation, secure defaults, resilience, and trust-boundary analysis throughout the system lifecycle.
Security models express confidentiality, integrity, information flow, access, or trusted-computing rules; know their purpose and limits rather than treating them as product designs. Select controls from assets, threats, requirements, assurance, environment, lifecycle, and business constraints.
Assess client, server, database, distributed, cloud, virtual, container, mobile, embedded, IoT, and industrial architectures. Include hardware trust, memory protection, isolation, side channels, firmware, interfaces, management planes, shared responsibility, and dependencies.
Cryptographic design covers security property, algorithm/protocol, strength, mode, entropy, key generation, distribution, storage, rotation, revocation, recovery, destruction, certificates, validation, and implementation risk. Encryption without key governance is incomplete.
Facility security begins with site selection, shared hazards, construction, utilities, environmental systems, layered access, surveillance, fire safety, emergency response, and people. Integrate requirements, acquisition, design, development, operation, change, and disposal.
For one critical hybrid system, connect a threat model to design principles, platform controls, cryptography, physical dependencies, lifecycle gates, and evidence of assurance.
